Category: News & Events

Possible Mechanisms of SARS-CoV2-Mediated Myocardial Injury

Announcing a new article publication for Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications journal.    

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly become a global health emergency. In addition to causing respiratory effects, SARS-CoV-2 can result in cardiac involvement leading to myocardial damage, which is increasingly being explored in the literature. Myocardial injury is an important pathogenic feature of COVID-19. The angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor plays a key role in the pathogenesis of the virus, serving as a “bridge” allowing SARS-CoV-2 to invade the body. However, the exact mechanism underlying how SARS-CoV-2 causes myocardial injury remains unclear. This article summarizes the main possible mechanisms of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19, including direct myocardial cell injury, microvascular dysfunction, cytokine responses and systemic inflammation, hypoxemia, stress responses, and drug-induced myocardial injury. Understanding of the underlying mechanisms would aid in proper identification and treatment of myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19.

https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/CVIA.2023.0031

CVIA is available on the ScienceOpen platform and at Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications. Submissions may be made using ScholarOne Manuscripts. There are no author submission or article processing fees. Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications is indexed in the EMBASE, EBSCO, ESCI, OCLC, Primo Central (Ex Libris), Sherpa Romeo, NISC (National Information Services Corporation), DOAJ, Index Copernicus, Research4Life and Ulrich’s web Databases. Follow CVIA on Twitter @CVIA_Journal; or Facebook.

Bing Yu, Yalin Wu and Xiaosu Song et al. Possible Mechanisms of SARS-CoV2-Mediated Myocardial Injury. CVIA. 2023. Vol. 8(1). DOI: 10.15212/CVIA.2023.0031

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Long-term Clinical Outcomes of Coronary Rotational Atherectomy for Specific Indications

Announcing a new article publication for Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications journal.  This study compared the long-term outcomes between rotational atherectomy (RA) for specific indications and on-label use of RA for severely calcified coronary lesions.

Data for patients who underwent RA between 2015 and 2020 in a single-center registry were analyzed. The specific indication group included patients with ostial lesions, unprotected left main coronary artery stenosis, chronic total occlusions, stent ablation, angulated lesions, and cardiac dysfunction, whereas patients with none of the above-mentioned characteristics were included in the on-label group. The primary endpoint was compared between groups.

A total of 176 patients in the on-label group and 125 patients in the specific indication group were included. Patient clinical characteristics were comparable between groups. The incidence of complications during the procedure was higher in the specific indication group than in the on-label group (20.0% vs. 10.8%, P=0.018). No significant difference was observed in in-hospital MACCE between groups (12.5% vs 9.7%, P=0.392). During 35 (10–57) months of follow-up, MACCE occurred in 46 patients (15.3%). The incidence of MACCE was much higher in the specific indication group than the on-label group (25.6% vs 13.6%, P=0.034).

RA for specific indications, compared with on-label use, had a higher incidence of complications during the procedure and poorer long-term clinical outcomes.

https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/CVIA.2023.0016

CVIA is available on the ScienceOpen platform and at Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications. Submissions may be made using ScholarOne Manuscripts. There are no author submission or article processing fees. Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications is indexed in the EMBASE, EBSCO, ESCI, OCLC, Primo Central (Ex Libris), Sherpa Romeo, NISC (National Information Services Corporation), DOAJ, Index Copernicus, Research4Life and Ulrich’s web Databases. Follow CVIA on Twitter @CVIA_Journal; or Facebook.

Cheng-fu Cao, Wei-li Teng and Yu-liang Ma et al. Long-term Clinical Outcomes of Coronary Rotational Atherectomy for Specific Indications. CVIA. 2023. Vol. 8(1). DOI: 10.15212/CVIA.2023.0016

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Clinical Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan Combined with Dapagliflozin in Patients with Diabetes and ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Announcing a new article publication for Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications journal.   This study was aimed at observing the clinical effects of sacubitril/valsartan combined with dapagliflozin on cardiac function and ventricular remodeling in patients with type 2 diabetes and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Between May 2019 and May 2022, the authors of this article retrospectively analyzed 57 patients with diabetes and STEMI receiving percutaneous coronary intervention: 32 patients receiving sacubitril/valsartan and dapagliflozin tablets comprised the observation group and 25 patients receiving angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers ARB) in combination with other hypoglycemic drugs comprised the control group. The authors of this article compared the left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), right ventricular end diastolic diameter (RVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP), and noninvasive hemodynamic parameters at baseline and 3–6 months after treatment between the groups.

Before treatment, the parameters were similar between the observation group and control group. However, after 3−6 months of treatment, serum NT-pro BNP levels showed a greater decline in the observation group than the control group. Moreover, the LVEDD and LVEF improved more substantially in the observation group than the control group (P<0.05). RVEDD did not markedly change after treatment (P>0.05). After treatment, in the observation group, the cardiac index (CI) and cardiac output (CO) were significantly higher, and the thoracic fluid conduction (TFC) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) were significantly lower, than those in the control group (P<0.05).

Sacubitril/valsartan combination with dapagliflozin exerted better effects than ACEI or ARB with other hypoglycemic drugs in improving cardiac function and ventricular remodeling in patients with diabetes and STEMI.

https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/CVIA.2023.0032

CVIA is available on the ScienceOpen platform and at Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications. Submissions may be made using ScholarOne Manuscripts. There are no author submission or article processing fees. Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications is indexed in the EMBASE, EBSCO, ESCI, OCLC, Primo Central (Ex Libris), Sherpa Romeo, NISC (National Information Services Corporation), DOAJ, Index Copernicus, Research4Life and Ulrich’s web Databases. Follow CVIA on Twitter @CVIA_Journal; or Facebook.

Zhengbin Wang, Zhifang Li and Yiming Hou et al. Clinical Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan Combined with Dapagliflozin in Patients with Diabetes and ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. CVIA. 2023. Vol. 8(1). DOI: 10.15212/CVIA.2023.0032

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Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Therapy: Past, Present, and Future

Announcing a new article publication for Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications journal.    

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, is increasing in incidence and prevalence worldwide. AF significantly increases the risk of intracardiac thrombus formation and, if left untreated, ischemic stroke. In patients with nonvalvular AF (NVAF), the left atrial appendage (LAA) has been determined to be the source of thrombus development in 91% to 99% of cases. In this regard, oral anticoagulants (OACs) have become the standard treatment for stroke prevention in most patients with AF; however, OACs are associated with a risk of bleeding complications, and their efficacy depends on optimal patient compliance. Among alternative approaches to embolic stroke prevention, surgical LAA excision for stroke prevention for valvular AF was attempted as early as the late 1940s. LAA excision remains recommended in surgical guidelines for patients with NVAF requiring open-heart coronary bypass or valvular replacement/repair surgeries. However, owing to the traumatic/invasive nature and suboptimal outcomes of conventional surgical LAA intervention, clinical application of this approach is limited in current cardiology practice. Percutaneous LAA occlusion (LAAO) is increasingly being performed as an alternative to OAC for stroke prevention, particularly in patients with elevated bleeding risk.

Substantial progress has been made in percutaneous LAAO therapy since its inception approximately 20 years ago. This article systematically reviews the literature leading to the development of LAAO and the evidence-based clinical experience supporting the application of this treatment strategy for NVAF, with a focus on recently published critical evaluations of US FDA and CE mark approved LAAO devices. Future perspectives regarding knowledge and technology gaps are also discussed, recognizing the many ongoing clinical trials that are likely to be transformative and the critical unanswered questions regarding LAAO therapy.

https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/CVIA.2023.0026

CVIA is available on the ScienceOpen platform and at Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications. Submissions may be made using ScholarOne Manuscripts. There are no author submission or article processing fees. Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications is indexed in the EMBASE, EBSCO, ESCI, OCLC, Primo Central (Ex Libris), Sherpa Romeo, NISC (National Information Services Corporation), DOAJ, Index Copernicus, Research4Life and Ulrich’s web Databases. Follow CVIA on Twitter @CVIA_Journal; or Facebook.

Xinqiang Han, Jianzeng Dong and David G. Benditt. Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Therapy: Past, Present, and Future. CVIA. 2023. Vol. 8(1). DOI: 10.15212/CVIA.2023.0026

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Mechanisms of Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure

Announcing a new article publication for Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications journal.    Heart failure is an end stage cardiac disease that has been associated with high mortality and rehospitalization rates in previous decades, in spite of standard anti-heart failure therapy, thus posing a major social and economic burden on public health.

Several studies have demonstrated that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), anti-hyperglycemic drugs whose function is independent of islet function, have significant positive effects on prognosis and quality of life, by decreasing mortality and readmission rates in patients with heart failure.

To increase general clinicians’ understanding and facilitate the practical application of SGLT2i in the treatment of heart failure, the mechanisms through which SGLT2i alleviate heart failure are reviewed in this article.

https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/CVIA.2023.0028

CVIA is available on the ScienceOpen platform and at Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications. Submissions may be made using ScholarOne Manuscripts. There are no author submission or article processing fees. Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications is indexed in the EMBASE, EBSCO, ESCI, OCLC, Primo Central (Ex Libris), Sherpa Romeo, NISC (National Information Services Corporation), DOAJ, Index Copernicus, Research4Life and Ulrich’s web Databases. Follow CVIA on Twitter @CVIA_Journal; or Facebook.

Jiangjun Wei and Jianlin Du. Mechanisms of Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure. CVIA. 2023. Vol. 8(1). DOI: 10.15212/CVIA.2023.0028

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Incidence, Predictors and Associations Between In-Hospital Bleeding and Adverse Events in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Above 75 Years of Age

Announcing a new article publication for Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications journal. Bleeding events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are associated with poor outcomes. Risk factors and their associations with in-hospital events in older patients with ACS are not fully understood, because older patients with ACS are often excluded from randomized controlled studies.

The authors of this article enrolled 962 patients with ACS above 75 years of age treated at a center between January 2012 and December 2016. The incidence and risk factors for in-hospital bleeding events, as well as their associations with in-hospital adverse events were evaluated.

Bleeding complications were observed in 38 patients (4.1%). The most common bleeding site was the gastrointestinal tract (52.6%). Anemia (P=0.007), renal insufficiency (P=0.019), use of positive inotropic medicines (P=0.006) and elevated leukocyte count (P=0.046) were independent predictors of in-hospital bleeding after adjustment for age, sex, atrial fibrillation history and hypertension history. In-hospital mortality (28.9% vs. 2.4%, P<0.001), stroke (5.3% vs. 0.5%, P<0.001) and the prevalence of heart failure (39.5% vs. 16.3%, P<0.001) were significantly higher in patients with than without bleeding.

The incidence of in-hospital bleeding was 4.1% in patients with ACS above 75 years of age in this cohort. Independent risk factors for in-hospital bleeding events included anemia, renal insufficiency and elevated leucocyte count. Bleeding events were strongly associated with in-hospital adverse events.

https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/CVIA.2023.0029

CVIA is available on the ScienceOpen platform and at Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications. Submissions may be made using ScholarOne Manuscripts. There are no author submission or article processing fees. Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications is indexed in the EMBASE, EBSCO, ESCI, OCLC, Primo Central (Ex Libris), Sherpa Romeo, NISC (National Information Services Corporation), DOAJ, Index Copernicus, Research4Life and Ulrich’s web Databases. Follow CVIA on Twitter @CVIA_Journal; or Facebook.

Cheng Wei, Zhaowei Zhu and Xinqun Hu et al. Incidence, Predictors and Associations Between In-Hospital Bleeding and Adverse Events in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Above 75 Years of Age – The Real-World Scenario. CVIA. 2023. Vol. 8(1). DOI: 10.15212/CVIA.2023.0029

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Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Maps Immune Cell Heterogeneity in Mice with Allogeneic Cardiac Transplantation

Announcing a new article publication for Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications journal.   Immune cells play important roles in mediating allograft rejection and tolerance after cardiac transplantation. However, immune cell heterogeneity at the single-cell level, and how immune cell states shape transplantation immunity, remain incompletely characterized.

The authors of this article performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on immune cells in LNs from a mouse syngeneic and allogeneic cardiac transplantation model. Nine T cell clusters were identified through unsupervised analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis was used to explore the functional differences among cell subpopulations and to characterize the metabolic heterogeneity of T cells.

The transcriptional landscape of immune cells was determined, particularly T cells, and their metabolic transcriptomes in LNs during mouse cardiac transplantation. On the basis of molecular and functional properties, we also identified T cell types associated with transplantation-associated immune processes, including cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, activated conventional CD4+ T cells, and dysfunctional Tregs. The contribution of JunB to the induction of Th17 cell differentiation and restriction of Treg development was further elucidated, and the authors identified that HIF-1a participates in T cell metabolism and function.

The first systematic single-cell analysis of transcriptional variation within the T cell population is presented in this article, providing new insights for the development of novel therapeutic targets for allograft rejection.

https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/CVIA.2023.0023

CVIA is available on the ScienceOpen platform and at Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications. Submissions may be made using ScholarOne Manuscripts. There are no author submission or article processing fees. Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications is indexed in the EMBASE, EBSCO, ESCI, OCLC, Primo Central (Ex Libris), Sherpa Romeo, NISC (National Information Services Corporation), DOAJ, Index Copernicus, Research4Life and Ulrich’s web Databases. Follow CVIA on Twitter @CVIA_Journal; or Facebook.

Zhonghua Tong, Ge Mang and Dongni Wang et al. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Maps Immune Cell Heterogeneity in Mice with Allogeneic Cardiac Transplantation. CVIA. 2023. Vol. 8(1). DOI: 10.15212/CVIA.2023.0023

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Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of Warfarin Versus Rivaroxaban in Northern Chinese Patients with Different CHA2DS2-VASc Scores

Announcing a new article publication for Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications journal.   This study was aimed at evaluating the safety and efficacy of warfarin versus rivaroxaban in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and different CHA2DS2-VASc score subgroups in northern China.

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate 387 patients with AF who received treatment at an institution between September 2018 and August 2019. The patients were divided into two groups receiving either warfarin (n=194) or rivaroxaban (n=193). Follow-up data were collected, including adherence, bleeding and ischemic stroke events.

The group receiving rivaroxaban showed better adherence than the group receiving warfarin. In the warfarin-treated group, bleeding incidents declined with increasing scores. In the warfarin-treated group, patients with scores of 2–3 had greater adherence and fewer stroke occurrences. The events of bleeding and stroke did not significantly differ in patients in the rivaroxaban-treated group with different scores.

Compared with patients in the warfarin group with different CHA2DS2-VASc scores, those in the rivaroxaban group had greater compliance, and fewer bleeding and stroke events. Regardless of economic considerations, rivaroxaban is preferable for anticoagulative AF treatment in northern Chinese patients.

https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/CVIA.2023.0030

CVIA is available on the ScienceOpen platform and at Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications. Submissions may be made using ScholarOne Manuscripts. There are no author submission or article processing fees. Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications is indexed in the EMBASE, EBSCO, ESCI, OCLC, Primo Central (Ex Libris), Sherpa Romeo, NISC (National Information Services Corporation), DOAJ, Index Copernicus, Research4Life and Ulrich’s web Databases. Follow CVIA on Twitter @CVIA_Journal; or Facebook.

Shiwei Xu, Qi Zhao and Haiyu Zhang et al. Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of Warfarin Versus Rivaroxaban in Northern Chinese Patients with Different CHA2DS2-VASc Scores: A Retrospective Cohort Study. CVIA. 2023. Vol. 8(1). DOI: 10.15212/CVIA.2023.0030

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Coronavirus Disease 2019, Myocardial Injury, and Myocarditis

Announcing a new article publication for Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications journal. After its initial outbreak in 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remains a global health concern. COVID-19 is well known for causing severe respiratory pathology, but it can also cause a variety of extra-pulmonary manifestations. Among them, myocardial injury has received substantial attention because it is usually associated with poor prognosis and mortality, thus emphasizing the importance of monitoring and managing myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19. Myocarditis has received attention as a complication of myocardial injury during and after the onset of COVID-19. Here, to aid in clinical decision-making, the authors of this article present a narrative review on COVID-19- associated myocardial injury and myocarditis, discussing clinical evidence, pathogenesis, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic strategies.

https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/CVIA.2023.0025

CVIA is available on the ScienceOpen platform and at Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications. Submissions may be made using ScholarOne Manuscripts. There are no author submission or article processing fees. Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications is indexed in the EMBASE, EBSCO, ESCI, OCLC, Primo Central (Ex Libris), Sherpa Romeo, NISC (National Information Services Corporation), DOAJ, Index Copernicus, Research4Life and Ulrich’s web Databases. Follow CVIA on Twitter @CVIA_Journal; or Facebook.

Lilin Xiang, Lin Zhang and Tong Zhang et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019, Myocardial Injury, and Myocarditis. CVIA. 2023. Vol. 8(1). DOI: 10.15212/CVIA.2023.0025

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Predictive Value of a Combination of the Age, Creatinine and Ejection Fraction (ACEF) Score and Fibrinogen Level in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Announcing a new article publication for Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications journal. The purpose of this study was to explore whether consideration of FIB levels might improve the predictive value of the ACEF score in patients with ACS.

A total of 290 patients with ACS were enrolled in this study. The clinical characteristics and MACE were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the FIB level (odds ratio=7.798, 95%CI, 3.44–17.676, P<0.001) and SYNTAX score (odds ratio=1.034, 95%CI, 1.001–1.069, P=0.041) were independent predictors of MACE. On the basis of the regression coefficient for FIB, the ACEF-FIB was developed. The area under the ROC of the ACEF-FIB scoring system in predicting MACE after PCI was 0.753 (95%CI 0.688–0.817, P<0.001), a value greater than those for the ACEF score, SYNTAX score and Grace score (0.627, 0.637 and 0.570, respectively).

ACEF-FIB had better discrimination ability than the other risk scores, according to ROC curve analysis, net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement.

https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.15212/CVIA.2023.0027

CVIA is available on the ScienceOpen platform and at Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications. Submissions may be made using ScholarOne Manuscripts. There are no author submission or article processing fees. Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications is indexed in the EMBASE, EBSCO, ESCI, OCLC, Primo Central (Ex Libris), Sherpa Romeo, NISC (National Information Services Corporation), DOAJ, Index Copernicus, Research4Life and Ulrich’s web Databases. Follow CVIA on Twitter @CVIA_Journal; or Facebook.

Yuhao Zhao, Zongsheng Guo and Zheng Liu et al. Predictive Value of a Combination of the Age, Creatinine and Ejection Fraction (ACEF) Score and Fibrinogen Level in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. CVIA. 2023. Vol. 8(1). DOI: 10.15212/CVIA.2023.0027

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